Include: Timeline for all years 1900--

1900

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1901

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1902

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1903

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1904

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1905

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1906

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1907

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1908

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1909

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1910

• Musical Casino:The Major-Minor Game (link)

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📜 Bloomfield, Daniel. 1910. Games and puzzles for the musical: a collection of the best games, puzzles, etc., for musical clubs and the home. Philadelphia: Theodore Presser. https://archive.org/details/gamespuzzlesform00bloo/page/n3

1911

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1912

✱ John Cage

1913

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1914

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1915

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1916

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1917

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1918

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1919

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1920

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1921

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1922

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1923

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1924

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1925

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1926

✱ George Brecht

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1927

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1928

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1929

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1930

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1931

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1932

✱ Pauline Oliveros
✱ Walter Thompson

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1933

✱ Alison Knowles

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1934

✱ Christian Wolff

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1935

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1936

✱ Carole Finer
✱ Cornelius Cardew

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1937

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1938

• J. Huizinga, Homo Ludens (review)

✱ Dick Higgins
✱ Frederic Rzewski

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1939

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1940

• Benny Goodman Swings into a Game of Musical Information (link)

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1941

✱ Peter Brötzmann

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1942

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1943

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1944

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1945

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1946

✱ Trevor Wishart

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1947

✱ Howard Skempton
✱ Lawrence ‘Butch’ Morris

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1948

✱ Richard Reason
✱ Jeffrey Agrell
✱ Alan Brett

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1949

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1950

✱ Christopher Hobbs

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1951

✱ Elliott Sharp
✱ Carl Bergstrøm-Nielsen
✱ Bobby McFerrin

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1952

• Klavierstück XI (music)
• 4′33″ (music)

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1953

✱ John Zorn

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1954

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1955

• Third Piano Sonata (music)

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1956

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1957

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1958

• Sequenza I For Flute (music)

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📜 Caillois, Roger. 2021 [1958]. Man, Play and Games. Translated by Meyer Barash. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press
📜 Stockhausen, Karlheinz. 1958. “Musik und Sprache.” Darmstädter Beiträge zur neuen Musik, 1: 57-82. Mainz.
📜 Babbitt, Milton. 1958. “Who cares if you listen?” High Fidelity, February: 38-40.
https://archive.org/details/rm_High-Fidelity-1958-Feb/page/n39/mode/2up?view=theater

1959

• Drip Music (sub)

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1960

• Song of Uncertain Length (sub)

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1961

• Opus 25 (E. Andersen) (sub)

✱ Mathius Shadow-Sky
✱ Bruno Faidutti
✱ Henrik Ehland Rasmussen
✱ Michael Pisaro

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📜 Cage, John. 1973 [1961]. Silence. Middletown, Connecticut: Wesleyan University Press.

1962

• 0' 00'' (sub)
• In Unison (E. Williams) (sub)
• Event:10 (sub)
• Ten Arrangements for Five Performers (sub)
• Piece for Any Number of Vocalists (sub)

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1963

• Something Else Press (wiki)
• Organic Music (sub)

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1964

• Rounds (music)
• Whoop Event (sub)
• Symphony No.3, Fluxversion 1 (sub)
• In C (Terry Riley) (wiki)

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1965

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1966

• Calls, Canto 6 (sub)
• Calls, Canto 5 (sub)
• For a Drummer (for Eric) (sub)
• Zen Vaudeville (sub)
• Choice 10 (R. Bozzi) (sub)

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1967

• Any Five (music)

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1968

• Sound Patterns I (music)
• Reunion (music)
• Stones (C. Wolff) (activity)

✱ Makoto Nomura

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📜 Eco, Umberto. 1989 [1968]. The Open Work. Translated by Anna Cancogni. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.

1969

• Games For Musicians (Richard Reason) (wiki)
• C. Cardew (ed.), Nature Study Notes (full, 1969) (source)
• Les Moutons de Panurge (Frederic Rzewski) (wiki)

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📜 Cardew, Cornelius. 1969. “A Scratch Orchestra: Draft Constitution.” The Musical Times, Vol. 110, No. 1516, 125th Anniversary Issue, June: 617-619.

1970

• Fun For All The Family (music)
• 100 Yard Metronome Run (sub)

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1971

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📜 Barthes, Roland. 1971. Image Music Text. Translated by Stephen Heath. London: Fontana Press.
📜 Xenakis, Iannis. 1971. Formalized Music: Thought and Mathematics in Composition. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

1972

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1973

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1974

• Klarina (music)
• Scott Joplin Melody Dicer (link)

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📜 Stuart, Wendy Bross. 1974. "Coast Salish Gambling Music." Canadian Folk Music Journal, vol. 2: 3-12. https://cjtm.icaap.org/content/2/v2art2.html
📜 Nyman, Michael. 1999 [1974]. Experimental Music: Cage and Beyond. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

1975

• Oblique Strategies (wiki)
• Textmusic 3 (game)

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📜 Bryars, Gavin, Christopher Hobbs, and Michael Nyman. 1975. Experimental Music Catalogue 1975, London: Experimental Music Catalogue

1976

• Sea Game (music)
• Lacrosse (music)
• Baseball (music)

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📜 Fleugelman, Andrew, ed. 1976. The New Games Book. San Francisco: The Headlands Press, Inc.

1977

• Golf (music)
• Curling (music)
• Dominoes (music)

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1978

• Hockey (music)
• Fencing (music)
• Cricket (music)

✱ Anna Meredith

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1979

• Archery (music)
• Tennis (music)
• Pool (music)

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1980

• Jai Alai (music)
• Track and Field (music)

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1981

• Croquet (music)
• Goi (music)

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† Cornelius Cardew

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1982

• Locus Salus (music)

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1983

• Sebastopol (music)

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📜 Flusser, Elisabeth. 1983. “Approche du Jeu Musical.” Thesis for the musician-animator diploma, Chalon/Saone.

1984

• Cobra (music)
• Dragons of Despair (link)

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1985

• Xu Feng (music)

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1986

• Hu Die (music)
• Music for People (wiki)

✱ Holly Gramazio

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1987

• Ruan Lingyu (music)
• Possible Flux Performance or Postfluxgame (sub)

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1988

• Hwang Chin-ee (music)

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1989

• Bezique (music)
• Vocal (link)
• Encore (link)

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1990

• Que Tran (music)
• Noteability (link)

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1991

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📜 Mathieu, William Allaudin. 1991. The Listening Book: Discovering Your Own Music. Boulder, Colorado: Shambhala Publications.

1992

† John Cage

1993

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1994

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1995

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📜 Brotchie, Alistair. 1995. A Book of Surrealist Games. Boston & London: Shambhala Publications.
📜 Williams, Alastair. 1995. New Music and the Claims of Modernity. New York: Routledge.

1996

• Lyryx (link)

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1997

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1998

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† Dick Higgins

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1999

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📜 Nattiez, Jean-Jacques. 1999. “Inuit Throat-Games and Siberian Throat Singing: A Comparative, Historical, and Semiological Approach.” Ethnomusicology, Autumn, Vol. 43, No. 3: 399-418. Urbana-Champaign: University of Illinois Press on behalf of Society for Ethnomusicology.

2000

• Hossa! (link)
• Board Game Geek (wiki)

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2001

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2002

• Images (link)
• Signs (link)

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2003

• Igloo Pop (link)
• Play that Tune (link)

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📜 Salen, Katie, and Eric Zimmerman. 2003. Rules of Play: Game Design Fundamentals. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.

2004

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📜 Cox, Christoph and Daniel Warner, eds. 2004. Audio Culture: Readings in Modern Music. New York: Continuum

2005

• Flail and Wail (link)
• Are You Phrazy? Holiday Carols Edition (link)

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📜 Adamowicz, Elza. 2005. Surrealist Collage in Text and Image: Dissecting the Exquisite Corpse. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
📜 Havriliv, Mark. 2005. “Playing with Audio: The Relationship Between Music and Games.” Master's thesis, University of Wollongong.
https://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1761&context=theses

2006

• Cinematique (link)

Linked page time-b:2006 does not exist

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📜 Brown, Harko. 2006. Traditional Maori Games. n.p.
https://www.wavesouthcanterbury.co.nz/media/4693/tmgharkobrown160120.pdf
📜 Chase, Stephen Timothy. 2006. “Improvised Experimental Music and the Construction of a Collaborative Aesthetic.” PhD diss., University of Sheffield.
https://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14904/1/440929.pdf
📜 Bergstrøm-Nielsen, Carl. 2006. Sound is Multi-Dimensional: Parameter analysis as a tool for creative music making. https://vbn.aau.dk/da/publications/sound-is-multi-dimensional-parameter-analysis-as-a-tool-for-creat

2007

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2008

• Sea Dracula (link)
• Rock the Beat (link)
• Cacophony (link)
• Dixit (link)

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† George Brecht

📜 Kayali, Fares. 2008. “Playing Music: Design, Theory, and Practice of Music-based Games.” PhD diss., Vienna University of Technology. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12708/13412
📜 Brackett, John Lowell. 2008. John Zorn: Tradition and Transgression. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
📜 Agrell, Jeffrey. 2008. Improvisation Games for Classical Musicians. Chicago: GIA Publications.

2009

• Das Neunundneunzigmusikspiel (link)
• Muzundrum (link)
• Synzine magazine (wiki)
• M. Pisaro, Writing, Music (fragment, 2009) (source)

Linked page time-b:2009 does not exist

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📜 Kochhar-Lindgren, Kanta, Davis Schneiderman, and Tom Denlinger, eds. 2009. The Exquisite Corpse: Chance and Collaboration in Surrealism’s Parlor Game., Lincoln & London: University of Nebraska Press.
📜 Flanagan, Mary. 2009. Critical Play: Radical Game Design. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.

2010

• Spontuneous (link)

Linked page time-b:2010 does not exist

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📜 Smith, Julian. 2010. “Reunion: Duchamp, Cage and Ludology.” Master's thesis, York University. https://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/obj/thesescanada/vol2/002/MR62326.PDF

2011

• Card Games (music)
• Ooga Booga (link)
• Improvisation & Composition Inspiration Cards (link)

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2012

• The Daily Create (wiki)
• A Clave de Candombe (link)
• Disquiet Junto (wiki)

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2013

• Juego de Tonos (link)
• Music Rocks (link)
• Itch.io (wiki)
• Jazz: The Singing Card Game (link)
• Karaokards (link)

Linked page time-b:2013 does not exist

† Lawrence ‘Butch’ Morris

📜 Upton, Elizabeth Randell. 2013. Music and Performance in Later Middle Ages, New York: Pelgrave Macmillan.
📜 Hermans, Phillip. 2013. “Cooperation and Competition in Music Composition.” Master's thesis, Dartmouth College. http://philliphermans.com/scores/Hermans%20MA%20Thesis.pdf

2014

• Do It for the Music (link)
• Art of Noises (link)

Linked page time-b:2014 does not exist

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📜 Cheng, William. 2014. Sound Play: Video Games and the Musical Imagination. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

2015

• Biff Baff (link)
• Tonic (Card Set) (wiki)

Linked page time-b:2015 does not exist

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📜 Schleuse, Paul. 2015. Singing Games in Early Modern Italy: The Music Books of Orazzio Vecchi. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press
📜 Upton, Brian. 2015 The Aesthetic of Play. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.
📜 Sharp, John. 2015. Works of Game: On the Aesthetics of Games and Art. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.

2016

• Pass The Sound series (wiki)
• Composition Exercises (Tobias Reber) (wiki)

Linked page time-b:2016 does not exist

† Pauline Oliveros

📜 Moseley, Roger. 2016. Keys to Play: Music as a Ludic Medium from Apollo to Nintendo. Oakland: University of California Press. http://doi.org/10.1525/luminos.16
📜 Corbett, John. 2016. A Listener's Guide to Free Improvisation, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

2017

• Muse (link)

Linked page time-b:2017 does not exist

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📜 Bergstrøm-Nielsen, Carl. 2017. “RABR Analysis – Rating Degrees of Openness in Experimental Repertory”. Preprint. https://vbn.aau.dk/da/publications/rabr-analysis-rating-degrees-of-openness-in-experimental-repertor
📜 Weiss, Philipp. 2017. “Game Pieces and Game Elements.” Master's thesis, Royal Conservatoire The Hague. http://sonology.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Thesis-Philipp_Weiss-Final.pdf

2018

• Empty Orchestra (link)
• Noisy Neighbors (link)
• Music Weeklies (wiki)

Linked page time-b:2018 does not exist

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📜 Barboza, Joab da Silva. 2018. “Jogos e música em publicações da ABEM e da ANPPOM.” Master's thesis, Universidade Estadual Paulista. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/157171
📜 Szczelkun, Stefan. 2018. Improvisation Rites: from John Cage’s ’Song Books’ to the Scratch Orchestra’s ‘Nature Study Notes’. Collective practices 2011-2017. London: Routine Art Co.
📜 Shadow-Sky, Mathius. 2018. The Book of Ephemerodes. Berlin: Éditions AquAvivA.

2019

• Berridos (link)
• CopyCat (link)
• Orchestrion (link)
• Mixtape (link)
• Music, A Role-Playing Game (link)
• Nebuta Beat (link)
• FiveLines (link)
• Improvised Music - Open Scores (wiki)

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2020

• Fairy Prank (link)
• Swan Song (link)
• Cascade (link)
• If It Wasn't For... (link)
• Sing Out (link)
• Jammonit! (link)
• Silent Prayer (link)
• Heroic Echoic (link)
• Drakkar Tum Tum (link)
• Instant Songs (link)
• Etudes (link)
• Patch: The Card Game (link)
• Scherzando (link)
• Language music for gamers workshop (event)
• Synzine#13 (wiki co-op issue) (ep)
• Auki Live! + Jamming Session (event)
• Gaudeamus Muziekweek / Screen Dive (event)

Linked page time-b:2020 does not exist

† Carole Finer

📜 O'Neill, Matthew. 2020. “Facilitating an Empirical Understanding of the Free Improvisation Environment: A Progressive Set of Games focusing on Listening, Space, and Feedback.” PhD diss., Texas Tech University. https://hdl.handle.net/2346/86689

2021

• Music Doctor Improv Cards and Picture Prompts (link)
• What's That Sound? (link)
• Songnario (link)
• Symphony (link)
• Tasty Score (link)
• Tempo (link)
• Wee Whimsical Creatures (link)
• Hard to be the Bard (link)
• Our People's Song (link)
• Musical Multiverse of Mayhem (link)
• Game Design for Composers workshop (online) (event)

Linked page time-b:2021 does not exist

† Frederic Rzewski

📜 Taylor, Coty. 2021. “Playing Music: A Curricular Outline for Music Learned Through Improvisatory Games.” Master's thesis, Indiana University.
https://scholarworks.iu.edu/iuswrrest/api/core/bitstreams/af1e094b-f612-48a3-a391-0970f9cf7e3a/content

2022

• echoes: The Dancer (link)
• Burmeister cards (link)
• Guitar Craft Aphorisms (link)
• Wordy Connections (link)
• Music Bravo (link)
• Music City (link)
• Space Rock Opera (link)
• Coma Glasgow Open Score Club plays Games for Music (event)

Linked page time-b:2022 does not exist

Linked page time-d:2022 does not exist

📜 DiPiero, Dan. 2022. Contingent Encounters: Improvisation In Music and Everyday Life. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. https://doi.org/10.3998/mpub.12066852.
📜 Cubitt, Edward, 2022. Music is Easy: A Flow-state Music Learning Method. Self-published, Edward Cubitt.

2023

• Cowlien (link)
• Songwriting Cards (link)

Linked page time-b:2023 does not exist

† Peter Brötzmann

📜 French, Izabelle. 2023. “Playing Music: Reconsidering Game Pieces Through Tabletop Roleplaying Game Design.” Bachelor's thesis, Edith Cowan University. https://doi.org/10.25958/998d-3z69
📜 Chou, Gabrielle. 2023. “Play Makes Perfect: An Exploration of Game and Play Elements in Composition and Performance.” PhD diss., City University of New York.
https://academicworks.cuny.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=6458&context=gc_etds

2024

Linked page time-b:2024 does not exist

Linked page time-d:2024 does not exist

📜 ash, honor. 2024. “Fear, play and getting things wrong: Understanding emotional responses when collaborating in improvised music settings.” Master's thesis, Middlesex University.
https://hnr.fyi/fear_play_getting_things_wrong/